2D and 3D visualization of aquifer sediments, surface water seepage and groundwater flow using DC-resistivity, DC-IP, and SP methods, West El-Minia, Egypt

Abstract In this study, the SP, DC-Resistivity and DC-TDIP methods were used included 21 sites for determining groundwater conditions visualizing aquifer sediments, surface water seepage, flow in 2D 3D. The results indicated occurrence of Quaternary Tertiary deposits, as well shallow Eocene fractured limestone deposits. resistivity, chargeability SP values compared with each other 3D visualization models designed these to understand sediment distribution its geological hydrogeological implications. High medium, low very compact sediments high shale content, water-bearing layers freshwater zones dry respectively, varied amount, salinity effective porosity. Low accumulation an increase shale, permeability source, possibly salinity. showed that had important role separating saturated defining fault zone, source classifying depths high, medium permeability. IP depended highly on amount content it was interesting exploration resistivity differentiating between clays. assisted delineating seepage direction, predicting